DCU GAA WEBSITE Proudly Sponsored by Snap Printing
Club Updates Info Scholarships Other

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author is grateful to Dr K.O. Tsintzas and Steve McGregor for their help in preparing this brief review.

REFERENCES

Balsom, P. (1995). High intensity intermittent exercise: performance and metabolic responses with very high intensity short duration work periods. Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

Bangsbo, J., L. Norregaard, and F. Thorsoe (1992). The effect of carbohydrate diet on intermittent exercise performance. Int. J. Sports Med. 13: 152-7.

Blom, P., A. Hostmark, O. Vaage, K. Kardel, and S. Maehlum (1987). Effect of different post-exercise sugar diets on the rate of muscle glycogen synthesis. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 19: 491-496.

Bogdanis, G., M. Nevill, L. Boobis, and H. Lakomy (1996). Contribution of phospocreatine and aerobic metabolism to energy supply during repeated sprint exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 80: 876-884.

Bogdanis, G., M. Nevill, L. Boobis, H. Lakomy, and A. Nevill (1995). Recovery of power output and muscle metabolites following 30 s of maximal sprint cycling in man. J. Physiol. 482: 467-480.

Boobis, L., C. Williams, and S. Wootton (1982). Human muscle metabolism during brief maximal exercise. J. Physiol. 338: 21.

Burke, L., G. Collier, and M. Hargreaves (1993). Muscle glycogen storage after prolonged exercise: effect of the glycaemic index of carbohydrate feedings. J. Appl. Physiol. 75: 1019-1023.

Casey, A., A. Short, E. Hultman, and P. Greenhaff (1995). Glycogen resynthesis in human muscle fibre types following exercise induced glycogen depletion. J. Physiol. 483: 265-271.

Chryssanthopoulos, C., and C. Williams (1997). Pre-exercise carbohydrate meal and endurance running capacity when carbohydrates are ingested during exercise. Int. J. Sports Med. 18:543-548.

Chryssanthopoulos, C., C. Williams,W. Wilson, L. Asher, and L. Hearne (1994). Comparison between carbohydrate feedings before and during exercise on running performance during a 30-km treadmill time trial. Int. J. Sports Nutr. 4: 374-386.

Coyle, E. (1991). Timing and method of increased carbohydrate intake to cope with heavy training, competition and recovery. J. Sports Sci. 9 (Suppl.): 29-52.

Doyle, A., W. Sherman, and R. Strauss (1993). Effect of eccentric and concentric exercise on muscle glycogen replenishment. J. Appl. Physiol. 74: 1848-1855.

Fallowfield, J., C. Williams, J. Booth, B. Choo, and S. Growns (1996). Effect of water ingestion on endurance capacity during prolonged running.
J. Sports Sci. 14: 497-502.

FAO/WHO (1998). Carbohydrates in human nutrition (FAO Food and Nutrition Paper No. 66). FAO/WHO.
Febbraio, M.,and K. Strewart (1996). CHO feeding before prolonged exercise: effect of glycemic index on muscle glycogenolysis and exercise performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 82: 115-1120.

Helge, J., E. Richter, and B. Kiens (1996). Interaction of training and diet on metabolism and endurance during exercise in man. J. Physiol. 492: 293-306.

Hargreaves, M., P. Dillo, D. Angus, and M. Febbraio (1996). Effect of fluid ingestion on muscle metabolism during prolonged exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 80: 363-366.

Ivy, J., M. Lee, J. Brozinick, and M. Reed (1988). Muscle glycogen storage after different amounts of carbohydrate ingestion. J. Appl. Physiol. 65: 2018-2023.

Ivy, J. L. (1991). Muscle glycogen synthesis before and after exercise. Sports Med. 11: 6-19.

Jenkins, D. J. A., D. M. Thomas, M.S. Wolever, R. H. Taylor, H. Barker, H. Fielden, J.M. Baldwin, M., A. C. Bowling,
H.C. Newman, A.L. Jenkins, and D.V. Goff (1981). Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 34: 362-366.

Kiens, B. (1993). Translating nutrition into diet:diet for training and competition. In: D. Macleod, R. Maughan, C. Williams,
C. Madeley, J. Sharp, and R. Nutton , eds. Intermittent High Intensity Exercise: Preparation, Stresses And Damage Limitation. London: E & FN Spon, pp.175-1 & 2.

Kirkendall, D., C. Foster, J. Dean, J. Grogan, and N. Thompson (1988). Effect of glucose polymer supplementation on performance of soccer players. In: T. Reilly, A. Lees, K. Davids, and W. Murphy, eds. Science and Football. London: E & FN Spon., pp.33-41.

Kirwan, J., D. Costill, J. Mitchell, J. Houmard, M. Flynn, W. Fink, and J. Beltz (1988). Carbohydrate balance in competitive runners during successive days of intense training. J. Appl. Physiol. 65: 2601-2606.

Leatt, P. B., and I. Jacobs (1989). Effect of glucose polymer ingestion on glycogen depletion during a soccer match. Can. J. Sports Sci. 14: 112-116.

McGregor, S., C. Nicholas, and C. Williams (1997). The influence of prolonged intermittent shuttle running and fluid ingestion on soccer skill. In: J. Bangsbo, ed. Second Annual Conference of the European College of Sports Science Proceedings. Copenhagen, Denmark: University of Denmark.

Muckle, D. S. (1973). Glucose syrup ingestion and team performance in soccer. Brit. J. Sports Med.7: 340-343.

Nassis, G., C.Williams, and P. Chisnall (1998). Effect of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on endurance capacity during prolonged intermittent high intensity running. Brit. J. Sports Med. 32:248-252.

Nevill, M., C. Williams, D. Roper, C. Slater, and A. Nevill (1993). Effect of diet on performance during recovery from intermittent sprint exercise.
J. Sports Sci. 11: 119-126.

Nicholas, C., P. Green, R. Hawkins, and C. Williams (1997). Carbohydrate intake and recovery of intermittent running capacity. Int. J. Sports Nutr. 7: 251-260.

Nicholas, C., C.Williams, L. Boobis, and N. Little (1994). Effect of ingesting a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage on muscle glycogen utilization during high intensity, intermittent shuttle running. Clin. Sci. 87 (suppl): 26-27.

Nicholas, C., C.Williams, H. Lakomy, G. Phillips, and A. Nowitz (1995). Influence of ingesting a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on endurance capacity during intermittent, high intensity shuttle running. J. Sports Sci. 13: 283-290.

Parkin, J., M. Carey, I. Martin, L. Stojanovska, and M. Febbraio (1997). Muscle glycogen storage following prolonged exercise: effect of timing of ingestion of high glycemic index food. Med. Sci. Sport Exerc. 29: 220-224.

Pascoe, D., D. Costill, R. Robergs, J. Davis, W. Fink, and D. Pearson (1990). Effects of exercise mode on muscle glycogen restorage during repeated days of exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 22: 593-598.

Piehl, K. (1974). Time course of refilling of glycogen stores in human muscle fibres following exercise-induced glycogen repletion. Acta Physiol. Scand. 90: 297-302.

Ramsbottom, R., B. Brewer, and C. Williams (1988). A progressive shuttle run test to estimate maximal oxygen uptake. Brit. J. Sports Med. 22: 141-144.

Roy, BD. and M.A. Tarnopolsky (1988) Influence of differing macronutrient intakes on muscle glycogen resynthesis after
resistance exercise. J.Appl. Physiol. 84: 890-896.Saltin, B. (1973). Metabolic fundamentals of exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 15: 366-369.

Shirreffs, S.M., A. J. Taylor, J.B. Lieper, and R. J. Maughan (1996). Post-exercise rehydration in man: effects of volume consumed and drink sodium content. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 28: 1260-1271.

Thomas, D., J. Brotherhood, and J. Brand (1991). Carbohydrate feeding before exercise: effect of glycemic index. Int. J. Sports Med. 12: 180-186.

Tsintzas, K.and C. Williams (1998). Human muscle glycogen metabolism during exercise: effect of carbohydrate supplementation. Sports Med. 25: 7-23.

Van Erp-Baart, A., W. Saris, R. Binkhorst, J. Vos, J., and J. Elvers (1989). Nationwide survey on nutritional habits in elite athletes: Part I. energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat Intake. Int. J. Sports Med. 10: S3-S10.

Wee, S., C. Williams, S. Brown, and J. Horabin (1998). Influence of high and low glycemic index carbohydrate meals on endurance capacity. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. (in press).

Wright, D., W. Sherman, and A.R. Dernbach (1991). Carbohydrate feedings before, during, or in combination improve cycling endurance performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 71: 1082-1088.

For additional information, call or write:

International Online: http://www.gssiweb.com/
Email: gssi@gssiweb.com/

When mailing correspondence, please specify nature of request on the envelope (eg., address change, subscription information, student grant information).